NGP responses were typically lower than in 3R4F exposed cells. In conclusion, all product categories activated anti-oxidative or pro-inflammatory patterns. Interestingly, only stimulation with 3R4F revealed increased monocyte adhesion under atherosclerosis-prone low flow. Finally, under static conditions, all components increased adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells.
From this downregulated level, only 3R4F increased CCL2 expression at higher concentrations. We recently added EPA Method 624.1 and EPA Method 625.1 to our in-house testing capabilities These two methods meet the requirements for most Colorado Discharge Permits. Stimulation with laminar flow led to downregulation of CCL2 ( MCP-1). High laminar flow prevented this upregulation. SELE expression was induced by 3R4F under static conditions. 3R4F reduced VCAM1 expression in a dose-dependent manner HTP treatment had similar but milder effects e-cig and nicotine treatment had no impact. Analyses of pro-inflammatory genes revealed an increased ICAM1 expression under 3R4F treatment. Treatment with HTP revealed an induction of HMOX1 and NQO1 at dosages with ≥1.68 μg/ml nicotine, whereas e-cig and nicotine exposure had no impact. 3R4F stimulation led to activation of NRF2 antioxidant defense system at nicotine concentrations ≥0.56 μg/ml and increased expression of its target genes HMOX1 and NQO1. Laminar flow delayed detrimental effects on cell viability by 3R4F treatment.
Treatment with 3R4F, but not alternative smoking products, reduced endothelial cell viability and wound healing capability via the PI3K/AKT/eNOS(NOS3) pathway. WE ARE NO LONGER OFFERING RAPID COVID TESTING. PCR TESTING ONLY (up to 3 day turnaround time). All experiments were performed under atheroprotective high laminar or atherogenic low flow with primary human endothelial cells. PLEASE NOTE OUR NEW COVID TESTING LOCATION: 25 New Hampshire Ave, Lakewood, NJ 08701. In this study, we analyzed key parameters of endothelial function after exposure to aqueous smoke extracts (AqE) of a heated tobacco product (HTP), an electronic cigarette (e-cig), a conventional cigarette (3R4F) and pure nicotine. However, little is known about their potential pro-inflammatory and atherogenic effects on the endothelium. As an alternative to smoking, next generation tobacco and nicotine products (NGP) are now widely used.
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